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United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station r EXH18n' • 1 g 2007-0164 76 s °z 50 $t 76 -2B r " e. // " 72 • ' rti ,'r≤ 11 .• f1 .' x 50 :Y r A n:>" , Y' f ;lv-. .Y dr t i Li z9 .4j —..- j �-. go . 14 ; 13 >rt fet ,5 ' /4/ . t gia............_'♦ - if f , , .,, • -.7.4,..' C q_y a 4:;C:'311;,--)651 W _+�72 Y.. ♦F t 69 12e 5+s r g a it 24 . yy 12 Pli '1, -is '".. ,. • Ii'. 12 51 x d. _, . 44, , . ...„.4 .. .. . 12 .i - ` 25 `' . . 26 �. CIIII 5 .35 .. 72 70 72 I ; �, ,;.S'. 1• 1 F C • t i } ,`A i'c • #M i - is , 22 SOIL SURVEY s"The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand and This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It sand is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, low sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper is suited to all crops commmonly grown in the area, in- water application. eluding corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Generally, such Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally characteristics as the rapidly permeable substratum suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in slightly restrict some crops. establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation water vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation management may be needed at the time of planting and during dry is essential. Barnyard manure and commer- cial fertilizer are needed for top yields. periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of an peashrub. vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked may by needed at the time of planting and during dry pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- /" shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. an peashrub. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked only limiting feature of this soil is the rapid permeability pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape contamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- Ile irrigated. tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- 31—Kim loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This is a deep, ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. well drained soil on smooth plains and alluvial fans at This soil has good potential for urban and recreational elevations of 4,900 to 5,250 feet. It formed in mixed eolian development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The deposits and parent sediment from a wide variety of only limiting feature of this soil is the rapid permeability bedrock. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that in the substratum, which causes a hazard of ground water have loamy sand underlying material. contamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Typically the surface layer is brown and pale brown IIs irrigated. about 12 inches thick. The upper 30 inches of the underly- 30—Julesburg sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This ing material is pale brown loam. The lower part to a is a deep, well drained soil on terraces at elevations of depth of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. 4,700 to 4,800 feet. It formed in alluvium deposited by the Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is South Platte River. Included in mapping are some leveled high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. areas and small areas of soils that have a loamy sub- Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. stratum. This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It Typically the surface layer of this Julesburg soil is is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- brown sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, brown and pale brown sandy loam about 15 inches thick. and onions. An example of a suitable cropping system is 3 The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is loamy sand and to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, sand. sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Very few conservation Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is practices are needed to maintain top yields. r- moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- low. mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. 46 SOIL SURVEY r Permeability is rapid. Available water capacity is yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 16 inches thick. moderate. A water table is at or near the surface in The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. spring and about 36 inches below the surface in fall. Sur- Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water face runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 This unit is used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion potential native vegetation on the Valent soil is hazard is low. dominated by sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, blue and In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops corn- hairy grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, and monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or sideoats grama. Potential production ranges from 1,800 close grown crops should be grown at least 50 percent of pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,400 pounds in un- the time. Contour ditches and corrugations can be used in favorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the sand irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con- bluestem, sand reedgrass, sideoats grama, and little tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row bluestem decrease; sandhill muhly and blowout grass in- crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til- crease, and forage production drops. "Blowouts" occur as lage ag to a minimum inion. a adin nd utiglizfeing lity pis residue help.to Ccop- con- range condition becomes poorer. trol The native vegetation on the Loup soil is dominated by respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen. switchgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, and western In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat, wheatgrass. Indiangrass, sand bluestem, prairie cordgrass, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to slender wheatgrass, alkali sacaton, saltgrass, sedge, and winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 20 bushels rush are also present. Potential production ranges from per acre. The soil is summer fallowed in alternate e years is 4,000 pounds per acre in favorable years to 3,000 pounds to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the too low for beneficial use of fertilizer.switchgrass, sand bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem, Stubble mulch fanning, striperopping, and minimum til- and prairie cordgrass decrease, and saltgrass, blue grama, lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. sand dropseed, sedge, and rush increase. Undesirable Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. weeds and annuals invade the site as range condition The o hea by potential sand ive vegeta sand reedg native rass,angeand sitblue e s becomes poorer. dominated � Seeding with an interseeder is advisable if the range is grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, in poor condition. Sand reedgrass, sand bluestem, sideoats a western htasss from are poalso odp ominent.per aent in Potential al grama, switchgrass, little bluestem, indiangrass, and blue production ranges grama are suitable for seeding. Seeding early in spring ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range has proven most successful. Grazing should be light to and conditionswit deteriorates, decre se and blu sand e grama,sand and dropseed, prevent l range deterioration. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this unit. On and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade the Valent soil, rangeland wildlife, for example, the the site as range condition becomes poorer. pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing Management of vegetation on this soil should be based livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, on n taking halfg is desirableg if half of the th range total annponu condition. uc- anT reseeding Lou where needed. The Loup soil, which is typically wet and produces an Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switehgrss, sideoats abundance of wetland vegetation, attracts wetland wil- grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested dlife species, such as mallard, teal, geese, and miscellane- wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected ous shorebirds. Primary management of this soil for wet- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It land wildlife includes managing livestock grazing, fencing should be drilled into a clean, firm sorghum stubble or a to control livestock, protecting from fire, and preventing prepared seedbed. Seeding early in spring has proven drainage. Natural wetland vegetation should be allowed most successful. to develop. Capability subclass VIe irrigated, VIe nonir- Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well rigated; Valent soil in Choppy Sand Meadow range site, suited to this sohe principal hazards owing sand and n establishing trees water Loup soil in Sandy Meadow range site. capacity are 72—Vona loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This is a and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed U formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have good are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs best suite( r- soils that are nonealcareous to a depth of 60 inches. are skunkbush sumac,lilac, and Siberian peashrub. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Thi brown.is fi upper loamy fine loam. The subsoil is the brown and light pheasant mourning sant and dove. Many anongame spec es inches cal n WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, SOUTHERN PART 47 be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected r. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can t._ and should be included in plans for habitat develop- be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be spring has proven most successful. attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water This soil has good potential for urban and recreational capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and and shrubs. The soil is so loose that trees should be trees grow well. The chief limiting soil feature is the planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed hazard of ground water contamination from sewage to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, western the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IIIe redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs irrigated, IVe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian 73—Vona loamy sand, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a peashrub. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains and high terraces at elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked formed in eolian or alluvial deposits. Included in mapping pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- soils that have a loamy substratum and some areas of tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- soils that are noncalcareous to a depth of 60 inches. ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range- Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be brown. The upper 6 inches is loamy sand and the lower 5 inches is fine sandy loam. The subsoil is brown and light attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. yellowish brown fine sandy loam about 14 inches thick. This soil has good potential for urban and recreational The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water trees grow well. The primary limiting soil feature is the capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 i. s or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a hazard is low. hazard of ground water contamination from sewage This soil is suited to limited cro in Intensive lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by pp g' the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass IVe cropping is hazardous because of' soil blowing. The cropping system should be limited to such close grown irrigated, Vte nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. ep,74 Vona loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. This is a crops as alfalfa, wheat, and barley. The soil is also suited to irrigated pasture. A suitable cro in system is 3 to 4 deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on plains at PP g elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian years of alfalfa followed by 2 years of corn and small deposits. Included in mapping Aping are small areas of soils that grain and alfalfa seeded with a nurse crop. non- Closely spaced contour ditches or sprinklers can be have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are used in irrigating close grown crops. Contour furrows or calcareous c to a depth ao 60 y inches. g spinklers should be used for new crops. Application of Typically the a surface and is a lower brown.inches The fine barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer helps to main- 6 inches is loamy sand o and brown tro lwer 4 is fine fain good production. sandy loam. The subsoil is and light yellowish sub- The potential native vegetation on this range site is brown fine sandy loam about 12 inches thick. The dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue stratum at la depth of od60 atel is loamy sava. Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential inches or more. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- hazard is low. ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range The potential native vegetation on this range site is condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, dominated by sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, grama. Needleandthread, switchgrass, sideoats grama, and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade and western wheatgrass are also prominent. Potential the site as range condition becomes poorer. production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora- Management of vegetation on this soil should be based ble years to 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. and switchgrass decrease and blue grama, sand dropseed, Sa " bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade gr, a, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested the site as range condition becomes poorer. Hello