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Home My WebLink About20131770.tiffUSDA United States Department of Agriculture 4 NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part January 17, 2013 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface 2 How Soil Surveys Are Made 5 Soil Map 7 Soil Map 8 Legend 9 Map Unit Legend 10 Map Unit Descriptions 10 Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 12 3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum 12 11—Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 13 24 —Fort Collins loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 14 29—Julesburg sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 15 46 —Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 16 47 —Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 17 68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep 19 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 20 75 —Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 21 76 —Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 22 85 —Water 23 References 24 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5 Custom Soil Resource Report individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil - landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map 40'224r 40' 19' 25' 522200 522400 522600 522800 523000 523200 523400 523600 523800 52220O 522400 522800 522800 523000 523200 523400 523600 523800 0 0 N A Map Scale: 1:11,400 If panted onAsize (8.5" x 11") sheet Meters 0 100 200 400 600 0 400 800 Feet 1,600 2,400 a 0 8 8 10 a 40' 2O 42' 40' 19 25" Custom Soil Resource Report MAP INFORMATION MAP LEGEND 11,400 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. / ] Very Stony Spot The soil surveys that comprise your A01 were mapped at 1:24.000. a) )\\cli , % $§)\ E{To =a) .01 ,_ j�°E }{j/ C T. O a) 2 &\(\ _� E E / TO ca•o a) 7E -4 De ) / w E an Soil Map Units Special Point Features Short Steep Slope ) / Fa co 3 Closed Depression E a) 0 oi o LC Ca \ / 17) e E \ d \ a) ° a / \ n z O. ,a\ / \� a)� D °/ ca 2g2 / 0 \\R io \C cu I=� A± 0) �� \} irzs Z\[ 73 �. ° $) \f ${0) - <\ f§ 2®± ae a< is 2'2 \/ \} U)0 // )/ Water Features K « , X Streams and Canals Gravelly Spot Marsh or swamp § k 4 Mine or Quarry Local Roads Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot @ * > + f o © 2=\ }\E 5 co %// kk\ \{may o < ea -10 0) JD 0 { - o \�>� )/\\ »» Severely Eroded Spot 2 $ _ f \ 2 ® ) / ± § 2o Cl) a & % m o Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part (CO618) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name l Acres In AOI Percent of AOI 3 Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum 14.5 2.3% 11 Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 6.6 1.1% 24 Fort Collins loam. 1 to 3 percent slopes 6.1 1.0% 29 Julesburg sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 266.8 42.4% 46 Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 69.3 11.0% 47 Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 4.0 0.6% 68 Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep 17.7 2.8% 69 Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 82.1 13.0% 75 Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 85.2 13.5% 76 Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 70.3 11.2% 85 Water 7.1 1.1% Totals for Area of Interest 629.7 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with 10 Custom Soil Resource Report some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha - Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 11 Custom Soil Resource Report Weld County, Colorado, Southern Part 3—Aquolls and Aquents, gravelly substratum Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,000 to 7,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 18 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 55 degrees F Frost -free period: 80 to 155 days Map Unit Composition Aquolls and similar soils: 55 percent Aquents, gravelly substratum, and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Aquolls Setting Landform: Swales, streams, flood plains Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Recent alluvium Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 48 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: None Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.0 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season Land capability (nonirrigated): 6w Hydrologic Soil Group: D Ecological site: Salt Meadow (R067BY035CO) Typical profile 0 to 48 inches: Loam 48 to 60 inches: Gravelly sand Description of Aquents, Gravelly Substratum Setting Landform: Stream terraces Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Recent alluvium Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent 12 Custom Soil Resource Report Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to very high (0.57 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 10 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to slightly saline (0.0 to 8.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.6 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season Land capability classification (irrigated): 6w Land capability (nonirrigated): 6w Hydrologic Soil Group: D Ecological site: Salt Meadow (R067BY035CO) Typical profile 0 to 48 inches: Variable 48 to 60 inches: Very gravelly sand Minor Components Bankard Percent of map unit: 10 percent Ustic torrifluvents Percent of map unit: 5 percent 11—Bresser sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,700 to 4,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees F Frost -free period: 135 to 155 days Map Unit Composition Bresser and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Bresser Setting Landforrn: Terraces Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium 13 Custom Soil Resource Report Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 10 percent Available water capacity: Low (about 6.0 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60 Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s Land capability (nonirrigated): 4c Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Typical profile 0 to 16 inches: Sandy loam 16 to 25 inches: Sandy clay loam 25 to 30 inches: Sandy loam 30 to 60 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Ascalon Percent of map unit: 10 percent 24 —Fort Collins loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,500 to 5,050 feet Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees F Frost -free period: 130 to 170 days Map Unit Composition Fort collins and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Fort Collins Setting Landform: Plains, terraces Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium and/or modified by thin eolian deposits 14 Custom Soil Resource Report Properties and qualities Slope: 1 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: High (about 10.1 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e Land capability (nonirrigated): 4c Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Loamy Plains (R067BY002CO) Typical profile 0 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 11 inches: Clay loam 11 to 60 inches: Fine sandy loam Minor Components Stoneham Percent of map unit: 8 percent Olney Percent of map unit: 7 percent Otero Percent of map unit: 5 percent 29—Julesburg sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,700 to 4,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Frost -free period: 145 to 155 days Map Unit Composition Julesburg and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Custom Soil Resource Report Description of Julesburg Setting Landform: Terraces Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: South platte river alluvium Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60 Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Typical profile 0 to 12 inches: Sandy loam 12 to 27 inches: Sandy loam 27 to 60 inches: Sand Minor Components Edgar Percent of map unit: 4 percent Remmit Percent of map unit: 4 percent Valent Percent of map unit: 4 percent Vona Percent of map unit: 3 percent 46 —Olney fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F Frost -free period: 125 to 175 days 16 Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Composition Olney and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Olney Setting Landform: Plains Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.0 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60 Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability (nonirrigated): 4c Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Typical profile 0 to 10 inches: Fine sandy loam 10 to 20 inches: Sandy clay loam 20 to 25 inches: Sandy clay loam 25 to 60 inches: Fine sandy loam Minor Components Zigweid Percent of map unit: 8 percent Vona Percent of map unit: 7 percent 47 —Olney fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet 17 Custom Soil Resource Report Mean annual precipitation: 11 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F Frost -free period: 125 to 175 days Map Unit Composition Olney and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Olney Setting Landform: Plains Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed deposit outwash Properties and qualities Slope: 1 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.0 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60 Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability (nonirrigated): 4c Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Typical profile 0 to 10 inches: Fine sandy loam 10 to 20 inches: Sandy clay loam 20 to 25 inches: Sandy clay loam 25 to 60 inches: Fine sandy loam Minor Components Zigweid Percent of map unit: 10 percent Vona Percent of map unit: 5 percent Custom Soil Resource Report 68—Ustic Torriorthents, moderately steep Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,450 to 5,100 feet Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees F Frost -free period: 120 to 160 days Map Unit Composition Ustic torriorthents and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Ustic Torriorthents Setting Landform: Escarpments, breaks Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Gravelly alluvium Properties and qualities Slope: 9 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Excessively drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 5 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.8 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 7s Hydrologic Soil Group: A Typical profile 0 to 10 inches: Gravelly sand 10 to 60 inches: Gravelly sand Minor Components Columbo Percent of map unit: 10 percent Eckley Percent of map unit: 3 percent 19 Custom Soil Resource Report Otero Percent of map unit: 2 percent 69—Valent sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,650 to 5,100 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F Frost -free period: 130 to 180 days Map Unit Composition Valent and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Valent Setting Landform: Plains Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Eolian deposits Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Excessively drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.6 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Ecological site: Deep Sand (R067BY015CO) Typical profile 0 to 8 inches: Fine sand 8 to 60 inches: Sand Minor Components Osgood Percent of map unit: 10 percent Custom Soil Resource Report 75 —Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,650 to 4,950 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost -free period: 130 to 160 days Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Vona Setting Landform: Terraces Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.8 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Typical profile 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 28 inches: Fine sandy loam 28 to 60 inches: Sandy loam Minor Components Remmit Percent of map unit: 11 percent Olney Percent of map unit: 4 percent 21 Custom Soil Resource Report 76 —Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 4,600 to 5,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 55 degrees F Frost -free period: 130 to 160 days Map Unit Composition Vona and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Vona Setting Landform: Terraces, plains Down -slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits Properties and qualities Slope: 1 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.8 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Sandy Plains (R067BY024CO) Typical profile 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 28 inches: Fine sandy loam 28 to 60 inches: Sandy loam Minor Components Rem mit Percent of map unit. 9 percent Olney Percent of map unit: 3 percent 22 Custom Soil Resource Report Julesburg Percent of map unit: 3 percent 85 —Water Map Unit Composition Water: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Minor Components Aquolls Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Marshes References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nres.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430 -VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 24 Custom Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. 25 Determination of Manure Production E Li. IcE O O (a 3 U O C O 2 O d ( co r (2 r co co N 6,208 21,714 l Days per Year in Confinement 365 365 to co 365 Average Solid Manure Production per AU* (Ibslday) O r 06 N r r r .} In 06 17.6 CO (fl N N N O r C CO CO m as Y @ E c } > C Q Q a O O CO- 728 Co O N '-• CO CD N 0 CT as -O 03 C Q Z Q a OO co N 520 2516 a) — o)aa� aQ 750-1100 750-1100 450-750 O r 1500 O °° 200 Livestock Type Yearling, hi forage Yearling, hi energy feeder calves Horse Dairy Cows Dry Cows Heifers i6 a) > Zr) J a) a. Broiler Total 32% beef, 22% horse, 46% dairy& veal, 40% poultry. Ref CSU Bulletin 568A. O) C_ 47 d Cn O N E C6 a) U) m .o E C O U O a a) C CO E ( a) •— v 0 O z Co T .D a) C6 a a) d Land Application Requirements for 25 -year. 24 -hour Storm Event 25 -year. 24 -hour storm volume( 21.6 A.F.). gallons Total Nitrogen contained In liquid. lbs. Ammonium -Nitrogen contained in liquid. lbs. Organic -Nitrogen Contained In liquid, lbs. Ammonium -Nitrogen available after Irrigation, lbs. Organic -Nitrogen available 3rd year. bs. Nitrogen available to plants (PAN) yr after yr., lbs. Soil Organic Matter. % Irrigation Water NO, content, ppm Residual soil NO, (2 ft), ppm Expected Yield (grain, Bu/acre: silage. tons/acre) N req. vii/ listed O.M., soil N, 8 trr. Water NO,, (lb /acre) Acres req. If effluent applied via sprinkler irrigation 'MWPS-18Section "Taken ban CSU's Batten No 5664 Beat kr_ _._...ant Wxc i[es!n Marx_ = L4i�rab'ar Land Application Requirements for Average Years' Slormwater 8 Process Water - Sprinkler Applied Maximum pumping requirement Total Nitrogen contained in liquid. lbs. Ammonium -Nitrogen contained in liquid, lbs. Organic -Nitrogen contained in liquid, lbs. Ammonium -Nitrogen available after imgalion, lbs. Organic -Nitrogen available 3rd year. lbs. Nitrogen available to plants (PAN) yr after yr., lbs. Soil Organic Matter. % arigalion Water NO, content, ppm Residual Soil NO, (2 ft), ppm Expected Yield (grain, Bu/acre: silage. tons/acre) N req. w/ listed 0 M.. soil N. 8 Irr. Water NO,, (lb./acre) Acres req. If effluent applied via sprinkler irrigation 'MWPS-18 Section 1 "Taken Coin CSU's BiAmin No. 568A Marxaovrr!MIt Practices ro- Marxre_UfxitaBMl Land Application Requirements for Average Years' Stormwater 8 Process Water - Flood Applied Maximum pumping requirement Total Nitrogen contained in liquid. lbs. Ammonium -Nitrogen contained In liquid. lbs. Organic -Nitrogen contained in liquid. lbs. Ammonium -Nitrogen available after irrigation. lbs Organic -Nitrogen available 3rd year. lbs. Nitrogen available to Plants (PAN) yr. after yr., lbs. Soil Organic Matter. % Irrigation Water NO, content. ppm Residual soil NO, (2 ft), ppm Expected Yield (grain. Bu/acre; silage or grass, tons/acre) N req. w/ listed O.M., soil N, & Irr. Water NO,. (lb./acre) Acres req. if effluent applied via flood irrigation 'MWPS-i8 Section 1 "Taken from CSU's Bulletin No. 568A 1.0 5.0 20.0 7.037.902 28.152 14,076 14.076 7.742 6.616 14,357 "Totat-N = 4.0 bs11,000 gal "NH3-N • 2.0 lbs./1,000 gal Orgaric-N • 2.0 bs11,000 gal 450% Sprinkler -Irrigation bas•' 47% Equlbrlun mineralization rate for organic -N" Alfalfa Corn Silage 6 198 25 101 72 142 Based onCSU Extension Bulletn #539 & #0 565 37.0 A.F.), gallons 1.0 5.0 20.0 12.055.666 48,223 24.111 24,111 13,261 11,332 24.594 "Total -N = 4 0 bs /1,000 gal "NH3-N = 2.0 bs /1.000 gal OrgaNc.N = 2 0 bs /1,000 gal 45.0% Spdrikbr.imgation loss" 47% Egriibnun mineraizatlon rate for organ -N" Alfalfa Corn Silage 6 198 124 25 101 244 Based on CSU Extension BUban #538 8 NO 565 A.F.), gallons 1.0 5.0 20.0 'Total -N = 4.0 bs /1,000 gal "NIi3N = 2.0 bs /1.000 gal Organic -N = 2.0 lbs./1,000 gal 22.0% Flood -Irrigation loss" 47% Egiiabrkm mineralization rate for arganc-N" Alfalfa Corn Silage 6 198 25 101 Based on CSU Extension BU1een #538 8 #0.565 Nitrogen produced annually, Nitrogen loss during storage & handling, lbs. Total Nitrogen in manure before application, lbs Ammonium -Nitrogen contained in manure. lbs. Organic -Nitrogen contained in manure. lbs. NH,N available after spreading (no incorporation). lbs. Organic -Nitrogen available 3rd year. lbs. Nitrogen available to plants (PAN) yr. after yr.. lbs. Soil Organic Matter. % Irrigation Water NO, content. pom Residual soil NO, (2 ft), ppm Expected Yield (tons) N req. w/ listed O.M. 8 residual soil N, lb./acre Acres req. 'Taken dam CSUa Ba#eirn No. 5684 ens Mmager7ert Practices 7a Manure Urazanoq Land Application Requirements - Compost Nitrogen produced annually. 100% used, rest giver Nitrogen toss during storage 8 handling. lbs. Total Nitrogen In manure before composting. lbs. Total Nitrogen in compost after composting, lbs. Ammonium -Nitrogen contained in manure, lbs. Organic -Nitrogen contained in manure. lbs. NH. -N available after spreading (no Incorporation). lbs. Organic -Nitrogen available 4rd year, lbs. Nitrogen available to plants (PAN) yr. atter 4 yr., lbs. Soil Organic Matter. % Ininalion Water NO, content, ppm Residual soil NO, (2 ft). ppm Expected Yield (tons) N req. wl listed O.M. 8 residual soil N, lb /acre Acres req. 'Taken from CSU's Bulletin No. 568A east Manaoernenf Prier/cos /or Mama* Wager'. and SSS6J 64 2024.2030. 2000) Land Application Requirements - Solid Manure 100% used, rest giver 1.0 5.0 20.0 Corn Silage 25 101 40% test as ammonia 'NH. -N = 38 5% of total N in solid marxre 'Organ s -N= 61.5% of total N in sold manse bsa= 22.5% within 4 days of application 55% Equilibrium mineralization rate for organ s -N' Based on CSU Extension Brlletn #538 1.0 5.0 20.0 Corn Silage 25 101 40% list as ammone 30% total N bstduirg camposeng 'NH. -N = 0.0% of total N in solid manse 'Organic -N= 100.0% of total N In sold manure 'NH, -N bas= 0.0% within 4 days of appicaaon 42% Equilbdtsn mineratzaaon rate for oigano-N• Based on CSU Extension Buileltn #538 AGPROfesslonals, LLC Vander Dussen/Miller Feedyard - Groundwater Exploration on March 27, 2012 Hole #1 N corner of proposed area Depth (ft) Description of Material USCS' 0-2 Poorly graded sand SP 2-3.5 Well graded sand SW 3.5-7 Well graded sand SW 7-10 Well graded sand SW 10-15 Poorly graded sand, very hard, drilled SP No ground water encountered Hole #2 Middle: central east location Depth (ft) Description of Material USCS' 0-6 Silty Sands SM 6-11.5 11.5-15 Silty Sands SM Poorly graded sand, very hard, drilled SP No ground water encountered Hole #3 SW corner of proposed area Depth (ft) Description of Material USCS" 0-4 Silty Sands SM 4-7 Silty Sands SC 7-11 Silty Sands SC 11-16 Silty Sands SC No ground water encountered Hole # 4 Central east location of proposd area USCS" Depth(ft) Description of material 0-4 Silty Sand SM 4-6.5 Poorly graded sand SP 6.5-9.5 Poorly graded sand SP 9.5-12 Poorly graded sand SP 12-15 Poorly graded sand SP No ground water encountered • USCS classification is from visual classification and slight field analysis by MK, subject to change with lab analysis. 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